BBr3是一种温和、优良的醚的去甲基化试剂，并且不影响分子中的酯基和双键，在许多天然产物的全合成中常使用它。一般使用CH2Cl2, benzene,  pentane作为溶剂，在-78 ℃到室温下进行。有一点需注意，当底物分子中杂原子数多时，应增加BBr3量。使用BBr3有一个最大的缺点是BBr3对空气敏感，使用时会冒出大量气雾；并在加水后处理时常出现大量的络合物，此时最好使用其它的方法，否则后处理艰难并导致收率下降。BI3, BCl3的使用如同BBr3。

反应实例

一、三溴化硼

Table 1.Cleavage of Ethers by Boron Tribromide

General Procedure forCleavage of Ether with BBr3.  A weighed quantity of the ether (usually 15 to 20 g) is introduced into the reactionflask and cooled in an ice-bath. The calculated quantity of boron tribromide is slowly introduced through a dropping funnel. In all cases boron tribromide andether are allowed to react in the ratio of 1 mol of boron tribromide to 3 mol of ether. After addition of boron tribromide, the reaction mixture is heated ona water bath for 40 min. The alkyl bromide is distilled directly from thereaction mixture. After removal of the alkyl bromide by distillation, theresidure remaining in the flask is hydrolyzed with a minimum amount of 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The resulting solution is acidified withhydrochloric acid and extracted with ether.

【 F. L. Benton and T. E. Dillon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942,64, 1128】

二、BX3和Me2S的络合物

其为BBr3的改良方法。BBr3或BCl3和Me2S的络合物是固体物，容易制备并在惰性气体中能长期保存。一般使用2到4倍量即可。

Table2.Cleavage of Ethers with BBr3.S(CH2)2 Complex

a) Reaction run at 83°C. b) GLC yield. C) Isoated yield.

General Procedure for the Cleavage ofEthers with Boron Trihalide-Methyl sulfide Complex. To a flame-dried 100 mLflask under an atmosphere of nitrogen is added 1,2-dichloroethane (30 mL) andan amount of boron trihalide-methyl sulfide complex as indicated in Table 3. Tothis solution is added the desired number of equivalents of the aryl ether. Thereaction mixture is stirred at reflux and monitored by either TLC or GLC whereconvenient. When the starting material disappears, the reaction mixture ishydrolyzed by adding water (30 mL), stirring for 20 min and diluting withether. The organic phase is separated and washed with 1 M NaHCO3 and the phenol is subsequentlytaken up with 1 N NaOH (3×20 mL). The combined NaOH washings are acidified and the product issubsequently extracted into ether, dried (MgSO4) and the solvent isremoved in vacuum.

【 H.Niwa, T. Hida and K. Yamada, Tetrahedron Lett.,1981, 22, 4239】

三、BBr3/NaI/15-crown-5

这种体系为比BBr3更强的去甲基化方法。也可用于脱除烷基甲基醚。

Table3.Dealkylation of Alkyl Methyl Ethers with BBr3-NaI-15-crown-5

a) Yield of isoated alcohol.

Typical Procedure. Cleavage of3-Phenylpropanol Methyl Ether. To a stirred solution of3-phenylpropanol methyl ether (103 mg, 0.687 mmol) in dry methylene chloride(0.5 mL) is added 0.3 Msolution of 15-crown-5 (13.7 mL, 6 equiv.) with NaI in methylene chloridefollowed by addition of 1 Msolution of BBr3 (2.1 mL, 3 equiv.) in methylene chloride at -30°C under argon. The reaction mixtureis stirred at the same temperature for 3 hrs, quenched by the addition ofsaturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (2 mL) and worked up in the usualmanner. Chromatographic purification of the crude product gives the purealcohol (93 mg, 100%), identical in all respects with an authentic sample.

【 H.Niwa, T. Hida and K. Yamada, Tetrahedron Lett.,1981, 22, 4239】

四、Me2BBr

文献报道，这个试剂去甲基化经由SN2机理，因此，非常有效的只是断裂C-O键，从而形成酚或醇，不易产生溴代副产物。

Table4.Cleavage of Ethers with (CH3)2BBr

Typical Procedure. Cleavageof 1-Methoxydecane. To a cold (0°C),stirred solution of 1-methoxydodecane (1.03 mmol) and triethylamine (0.21 mmol,to neutralize traces of free acid) in dry methylene chloride (4.1 mL) underargon, is added a solution of dimethylboron bromide (1.34 M, 0.99 mL) in methylene chloride. The coolingbath is then removed and the resultant solution is then stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture is then cooled to 0°C, quenched with saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate (2 mL) and diluted with ether (30 mL). The organic layer isseparated, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2 mL), water (2 mL) andbrine (2 mL). The aqueous washings are extracted with ether and the organiclayers are combined. After drying the resultant solution is concentrated andsubjected to flash chromatography to provide pure 1-dodecanol (89%).a) Yield of isoated Product.

【Y. Guindon, C. Yoakim and H. E. Morton, Tetrahedron Lett.,1983, 24, 2969】

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